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Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza

Views on Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza (Mughal) of Jehlum unveil Truth but in which way?

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ubaid ullah azad

Hamza Hasan

C. Christine Fair

After providing an overview of the organization and its ties to Pakistan's military and intelligence agency, I argue that hile Indians are likely correct to anticipate that the next attack on India may well come from the LeT; I encourage Indians to also remember the Jaish-e-Mohammad which launched the attack on India's parliament in December 2000. JeM had been dormant for years in part because their cadres had defected to the Pakistani Taliban. In recent years, the Pakistan army and ISI have resuscitated JeM in hopes of luring some of the of previous cadres back into the fold with the lure of killing Indians. JeM, it should be recalled, conducted its first attack-a suicide bombing in 2000-in Kashmir. JeM, unlike LeT, has long had ties to al Qaeda and the Afghan Taliban, once the world leaders in murderous brutality, and JeM's operatives have been working with the Pakistani Taliban whose attacks have been nearly as savage as that of IS. Indians would be wise to keep on eye on JeM in addition to LeT. The Pakistan army and the ISI needs both of these groups if its twin goals of pacifying Pakistan and setting India on fire are to be advanced.

In the discourse around sectarian violence in Pakistan, two concerns are prominent. The first is the contention that piety, or the intensity of Muslim religious practice, predicts support for sectarian and other forms of Islamist violence. The second is the belief that personal preferences for some forms of sharia also explain such support. As I describe herein, scholars first articulated these concerns in the “clash of civilizations” thesis. Subsequent researchers developed them further in the scholarly and policy analytical literatures that explored these linkages through qualitative and quantitative methodologies. I revisit these claims in the particular context of sectarian violence in Pakistan. To do so, I use several questions included in a recent and large national survey of Pakistanis to create indices of both piety and support for three dimensions of sharia. I use these indices as explanatory variables, along with other explanatory and control variables, in a regression analysis of support for sectarian violence, the dependent variable. I find that the piety index and dimensions of sharia support are significant only when district fixed effects are excluded; however, personal characteristics (i.e., the particular school of Islam respondents espouse, ethnicity, several demographics) most consistently predict support for sectarian violence.

nasir K H A N lohani

Alhassanain English

Introduction The topic that we present concerns the character of Yazeed ibn Mu'awiya. Whilst many would feel that this topic serves no purpose since all Muslims are aware of Yazeed's notorious character and heinous deeds, one should know that in recent years the increased influence and infiltration of Salafi and Nasibi minds into the Sunni consciousness has led to a sudden turnaround in the way that many ordinary Sunnis tend to view Yazeed. If in the past the common Sunni would curse and condemn Yazeed, today voices shaped by influential Nasibi Shaykhs have led to Sunnis becoming confused on this topic. Some have adopted a code of silence, refusing to pass judgement on Yazeed, which is exactly what these Nasibi want; others have joined hands with these Nasibi wherein they have: Openly advocated support for Yazeed's reign, deeming it legitimate Rejected the notion that Imam Husayn's opposition was a battle between truth and falsehood. Deemed Imam Husayn (as) a rebel (astaghfirullah) Extolled Yazeed as a man of noble character Denied his role in killing Imam Husayn (as)

Siti Aminatul Maulah

Contemporary north-west Bangladesh is the scene of a religious contest between the self-described ‗Hanafis‘, who include various expressions of Islamic faith and practice, and Salafi reformist groups known as Ahl-i-Hadith. Occasionally labelled ‗Wahhabis‘ due to their affinity with the doctrine from Arabia, the Ahl-i-Hadith actively seek to purify local Islam of all practices which they consider to be bidaʿ. Local Hanafi Muslims, who form a majority, are resistant to these efforts at total religious reform. This thesis investigates the contemporary discourse taking place between these two communities in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, and between these groups and their authoritative Islamic texts. The case study used to focus on inter-group debates is the contested issue of whether or not to perform rituals meant to assist the dead during al-barzakh – the conscious waiting period in the grave believed to last from death until the day of resurrection. Especially during a soul‘s first forty days in al-barzakh, the Hanafi community observes rituals intended to reduce the torment of the grave and send soʾab, or merit, to the account of the deceased.

Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan

Thomas K Gugler

In “Islamization and Barelvis in Pakistan”, Thomas K. Gugler notes that the citizens of Pakistan are facing a massive terrorist threat, in particular by both ISIS and the Taliban. He addresses the theological differences between Barelvis and Deobandis that in parts already hint at the reasons why modern jihadism is somehow characteristic of Deobandis, but not in an equal manner for Barelvis. Gugler argues that forces other than just theology are the Wahhabi factor and its means of realpolitik in funding conservative madrassas as well as the state policy of supporting jihadist militancy for foreign policy projects and objectives. The Peshawar APS massacre in 2014 was a clear statement of the fact that the state has to act more efficiently to confront terrorist activities and to find a solution for these seemingly religiously motivated attacks against state and society. Gugler argues that the National Action Plan alone does not yet seem to offer sufficient meaningful reasons for optimism. He suggests that one apparent strategy to fight Islamist extremism is the revival of Pakistan’s pluralist traditions of Islamic piety.

Peter Mandaville (ed), Transnational Islam in South and Southeast Asia: Movements, Networks, and Conflict Dynamics. Seattle: National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR), 2009, 53-77.

Dietrich Reetz

Contract project of National Bureau of Asian Research (NRB) in cooperation with S. Rajaratnan School of International Studies (RSIS) based on conference „Transnational Islam in South & Southeast Asia: Movements, Networks, and Conflict Dynamics”, Singapore, 25-26 June 2008. Republished: Mandaville, Peter G. 2013. Transnational Islam in South and Southeast Asia: movements, networks, and conflict dynamics. Seattle, Wash: National Bureau of Asian Research. ISBN: 9781939131027 The paper discusses the varieties of Islamic orientations, institutions and networks in Pakistan. This paper explores these groups as diverse formats of both national and transnational Islam. The paper argues that most of Pakistan’s transnational Islamic actors are tied to economic, cultural and religious forms of globalization. The radical and militant forms of transnational Islam in the country are largely driven by factors directly linked to Pakistan’s political and security apparatuses. It is suggested that the increase in militant activities in Pakistan stems from the reluctance or inability of Pakistan’s government to introduce firm standards of law and civility. The paper contends that networks centered on Islamic scholarship or Pakistan’s identity, are not per se violent or threatening, but reflect the religious, cultural and ethnic concerns of an expanding global diaspora of South Asian Muslims.

Hristo H Milchev, MD

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Mirza Muhammad Akhbari and the Murder of Tsitsianov (A Research on the Relationship between Fath Ali Shah Qajar and Mirza Mohammad Akhbari)

Document Type : Research Paper

• Kamran Mohammadhoseini 1
• Rasoul Jafarian 2

1 Ph.D. Candidate Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

The competition between the Mujtahids and the Akhbaris to get closer to the political power and the relationship with Qajar Shah is a chapter in the history of the Shiite clergy in the first half of the 13thcentury. The most famous Akhbari scholar in the first 30 years of the 13th century waz Mirza MuhammadAkhbari who had a hard fight with Mujtahids and also got in touch with Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. One of the main reports about Fath Ali Shah's relationship with Mirza Mohammad Akhbari, which in many sources, is at the center of Mirza Mohammad's life narrative, is the story of his role in the murder of Pavel Dmitriyevich Tsitsianov (17054-1806) (commander of the Russian army in the Iran-Russia wars) or its prediction through occult sciences, spell or prayer. The main question of this article is the validity of the narration of Mirza Mohammad's role in the murder of Tsitsianov by examining the history of the narration of this report, identifying inconsistent and alternative narrations, and evaluating some details of the narration with other historical data. Investigating the story of Tsitsianov's murder is important from several points of view. First, this incident is at the center of most of the narratives about the relationship between the Shah and Mirza Mohammad Akhbari; Second This incident has found an important place in the representation of Mirza's personality and the Shah's relationship with Shiite scholars in historical sources and contemporary research, but it has not been carefully examined from a historical point of view. The findings of this research show that some of the important sources of history and biography of Mirza Mohammad Akhbari have not quoted this report or have given data inconsistent with all or part of the popular narrative. evidences also show that the Shah's good relationship with Mirza Muhammad is not only related to the Mirza's power in occult sciences, but Shah knew Mirza Muhammad as one of the reliable Shiite scholars and used him to criticize the opinions of the mujtahids

• Mirza Muhammad Akhbari
• Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
• Pavel Dmitriyevich Tsitsianov
• Qajar historiography

Main Subjects

Volume 15, Issue 2 - Serial Number 33 September 2023 Pages 85-104

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Mohammadhoseini, K., & Jafarian, R. (2023). Mirza Muhammad Akhbari and the Murder of Tsitsianov (A Research on the Relationship between Fath Ali Shah Qajar and Mirza Mohammad Akhbari). Historical Sciences Studies , 15 (2), 85-104. doi: 10.22059/jhss.2023.364621.473655

Kamran Mohammadhoseini; Rasoul Jafarian. "Mirza Muhammad Akhbari and the Murder of Tsitsianov (A Research on the Relationship between Fath Ali Shah Qajar and Mirza Mohammad Akhbari)". Historical Sciences Studies , 15, 2, 2023, 85-104. doi: 10.22059/jhss.2023.364621.473655

Mohammadhoseini, K., Jafarian, R. (2023). 'Mirza Muhammad Akhbari and the Murder of Tsitsianov (A Research on the Relationship between Fath Ali Shah Qajar and Mirza Mohammad Akhbari)', Historical Sciences Studies , 15(2), pp. 85-104. doi: 10.22059/jhss.2023.364621.473655

Mohammadhoseini, K., Jafarian, R. Mirza Muhammad Akhbari and the Murder of Tsitsianov (A Research on the Relationship between Fath Ali Shah Qajar and Mirza Mohammad Akhbari). Historical Sciences Studies , 2023; 15(2): 85-104. doi: 10.22059/jhss.2023.364621.473655

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