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Creating Matrices and Arrays

This example shows basic techniques for creating arrays and matrices using MATLAB. Matrices and arrays are the fundamental representation of information and data in MATLAB.

To create an array with multiple elements in a single row, separate the elements with either a comma ',' or a space. This type of array is called a row vector.

To create an array with multiple elements in a single column, separate the elements with semicolons ';'. This type of array is called a column vector.

To create a matrix that has multiple rows, separate the rows with semicolons.

To create an evenly spaced array, specify the start and end point by using the ':' operator.

Another way to create a matrix is to use a function, such as ones, zeros or rand.

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Creating, Concatenating, and Expanding Matrices

The most basic MATLAB® data structure is the matrix. A matrix is a two-dimensional, rectangular array of data elements arranged in rows and columns. The elements can be numbers, logical values ( true or false ), dates and times, strings, categorical values, or some other MATLAB data type.

Even a single number is stored as a matrix. For example, a variable containing the value 100 is stored as a 1-by-1 matrix of type double .

Constructing a Matrix of Data

If you have a specific set of data, you can arrange the elements in a matrix using square brackets. A single row of data has spaces or commas in between the elements, and a semicolon separates the rows. For example, create a single row of four numeric elements. The size of the resulting matrix is 1-by-4 because it has one row and four columns. A matrix of this shape is often referred to as a row vector.

Now create a matrix with the same numbers, but arrange them in two rows. This matrix has two rows and two columns.

Specialized Matrix Functions

MATLAB has many functions that help create matrices with certain values or a particular structure. For example, the zeros and ones functions create matrices of all zeros or all ones. The first and second arguments of these functions are the number of rows and number of columns of the matrix, respectively.

The diag function places the input elements on the diagonal of a matrix. For example, create a row vector A containing four elements. Then, create a 4-by-4 matrix whose diagonal elements are the elements of A .

Concatenating Matrices

You can also use square brackets to append existing matrices. This way of creating a matrix is called concatenation . For example, concatenate two row vectors to make an even longer row vector.

To arrange A and B as two rows of a matrix, use the semicolon.

To concatenate several matrices, they must have compatible sizes. In other words, when you concatenate matrices horizontally, they must have the same number of rows. When you concatenate them vertically, they must have the same number of columns.

For example, create two matrices that both have two rows. Horizontally append the second matrix to the first by using square brackets.

An alternative way to concatenate compatible matrices is to use concatenation functions, such as horzcat , vertcat , and cat . Horizontally append the second matrix to the first by using horzcat .

Generating a Numeric Sequence

The colon is a handy way to create matrices whose elements are sequential and evenly spaced. For example, create a row vector whose elements are the integers from 1 to 10.

You can use the colon operator to create a sequence of numbers within any range, incremented by one.

To change the value of the sequence increment, specify the increment value in between the starting and ending range values, separated by colons.

To decrement, use a negative number.

You can also increment by noninteger values. If an increment value does not evenly partition the specified range, MATLAB automatically ends the sequence at the last value it can reach before exceeding the range.

Expanding a Matrix

You can add one or more elements to a matrix by placing them outside of the existing row and column index boundaries. MATLAB automatically pads the matrix with zeros to keep it rectangular. For example, create a 2-by-3 matrix and add an additional row and column to it by inserting an element in the (3,4) position.

You can also expand the size by inserting a new matrix outside of the existing index ranges.

To expand the size of a matrix repeatedly, such as within a for loop, it is a best practice to preallocate space for the largest matrix you anticipate creating. Without preallocation, MATLAB has to allocate memory every time the size increases, slowing down operations. For example, preallocate a matrix that holds up to 10,000 rows and 10,000 columns by initializing its elements to zero.

If you need to preallocate additional elements later, you can expand it by assigning outside of the matrix index ranges or concatenate another preallocated matrix to A .

Empty Arrays

An empty array in MATLAB is an array with at least one dimension length equal to zero. Empty arrays are useful for representing the concept of "nothing" programmatically. For example, suppose you want to find all elements of a vector that are less than 0, but there are none. The find function returns an empty vector of indices, indicating that it did not find any elements less than 0.

Many algorithms contain function calls that can return empty arrays. It is often useful to allow empty arrays to flow through these algorithms as function arguments instead of handling them as a special case. If you do need to customize empty array handling, you can check for them using the function.

Related Topics

  • Array Indexing
  • Reshaping and Rearranging Arrays
  • Multidimensional Arrays
  • Create String Arrays
  • Represent Dates and Times in MATLAB

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COMMENTS

  1. Basic Matrix Operations

    First, let's create a simple vector with 9 elements called a. a = [1 2 3 4 6 4 3 4 5] a = 1×9 1 2 3 4 6 4 3 4 5 Now let's add 2 to each element of our vector, a, and store the result in a new vector. Notice how MATLAB requires no special handling of vector or matrix math. b = a + 2 b = 1×9

  2. assigning values to a matrix

    assigning values to a matrix - MATLAB Answers - MATLAB Central assigning values to a matrix Follow 424 views (last 30 days) Show older comments William Hou on 6 Jan 2021 Vote 0 Link Commented: Walter Roberson on 6 Jan 2021 so I have this matrix,and I want everything on the 4th row to become 4s. a=zeros (10,10)

  3. Matrices in the MATLAB Environment

    The MATLAB environment uses the term matrix to indicate a variable containing real or complex numbers arranged in a two-dimensional grid. An array is, more generally, a vector, matrix, or higher dimensional grid of numbers. All arrays in MATLAB are rectangular, in the sense that the component vectors along any dimension are all the same length.

  4. MATLAB Easiest way to assign elements of a vector to individual

    19 This question already has answers here : Closed 13 years ago. Possible Duplicate: How do I do multiple assignment in MATLAB? So let's say I have a vector p = [1 2 3]. I want a command that looks like this: [x y z] = p; so that x = p (1), y = p (2), and z = p (3). Is there an easy way to do this? matlab Share Improve this question Follow

  5. PDF LAB 2: Linear Equations and Matrix Algebra Preliminaries

    Math 250-C MATLAB Assignment #2 2 Note that the name v in the rvect function flle is a local variable; you can assign any name to the ... (3, 5) at the MATLAB prompt. You should get a 3 £5 matrix Awith entries that are (random) integers between 0 and 9. Lab Write-up: After writing and testing the script flles, open your diary flle (see Lab ...

  6. PDF matrices in matlab

    matrices.dvi. last change: 6feb12. matrices in matlab. Every variable in matlab is a matrix, even constants such as 3 (which is a 1-by-1 matrix). The size of a matrix a is provided by the command size(a) which returns a two-entry row matrix containing the number of rows and of columns of a (in that order). If the matrix a appears at a place ...

  7. Creating Matrices and Arrays

    Matrices and arrays are the fundamental representation of information and data in MATLAB. To create an array with multiple elements in a single row, separate the elements with either a comma ',' or a space. This type of array is called a row vector.

  8. MATLAB Assignment: Matrix Operations and Functions for

    MATLAB Assignment #2 Code #1 Figure 1 Code à Throughout the first steps, the matrix is being set up. "A" is considered the variable in which the matrix calculates to. The second code in line number 2, A = [1,2,4;-3,1,2;6,2,1], The semi colons and commas represent the After we form the matrix, it would look just like … Figure 2 Code à Matrix B is a repeat of matrix A with different ...

  9. How does matrix assignment work in MATLAB?

    1 Could someone explain to me this matrix assignment in MATLAB? I mean D matrix of course, the D matrix is empty at first and then I'm assigning to it D and A1 but hows that possible if D is empty? x = [1, 2, 4, 8]; D = []; for k=x; A1 = 1./x; D = [D A1]; end matlab matrix Share Follow edited May 14, 2017 at 21:12 m7913d 10.5k 7 28 57

  10. Solved In Lesson 1.4 a MATLAB code, rre1337, for

    The assignment is to modify rref337 in the following ways: 1. Change the name of the function to prof337 (here pref refers to a proto-row-echelon form). 2. Change the first return value to the proto-row-echelon matrix obta ned by the forward phase of elimination. to MAILAB?

  11. How to assign value from one matrix to another?

    I want to assign values from matrix G to matrix M, with constraints that values from G (:,1) iteratively compare to those in M (:,1) and then assign value from the matching row to the second column.

  12. Matrices and Arrays

    MATLAB allows you to process all of the values in a matrix using a single arithmetic operator or function. a + 10 ans = 3×3 11 13 15 12 14 16 17 18 20 sin(a)

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  15. How do I do multiple assignment in MATLAB?

    How do I do multiple assignment in MATLAB? Ask Question Asked 13 years, 11 months ago Modified 7 years, 9 months ago Viewed 48k times 49 Here's an example of what I'm looking for: >> foo = [88, 12]; >> [x, y] = foo; I'd expect something like this afterwards: >> x x = 88 >> y y = 12 But instead I get errors like: ??? Too many output arguments.

  16. Solve linear assignment problem

    M = matchpairs (Cost,costUnmatched) solves the linear assignment problem for the rows and columns of the matrix Cost. Each row is assigned to a column in such a way that the total cost is minimized. costUnmatched specifies the cost per row of not assigning each row, and also the cost per column of not having a row assigned to each column.

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  18. Creating, Concatenating, and Expanding Matrices

    A matrix is a two-dimensional, rectangular array of data elements arranged in rows and columns. The elements can be numbers, logical values ( true or false ), dates and times, strings, categorical values, or some other MATLAB data type. Even a single number is stored as a matrix.

  19. Matrix Creation and Assignment in Matlab

    Matrix Creation and Assignment in Matlab Ask Question Asked 6 years ago Modified 6 years ago Viewed 79 times 0 I have two matrices A fixed size, B grows iterationwise. How to create matrix B of equal size as A, but to be enlarged/manipulated according to the vector 'j'. Cases 1) Size B< Size A, 2) Size B=Size A, 3) Size B> Size A.

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